According to the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness over 1.1 million people are affected by vision impairment in the Caribbean. Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness in the world and in the Caribbean - accounting for at least 50% of all blindness. Glaucoma is also one of the most common irreversible eye diseases in the region.
According to the Barbados Eye Study in 1994, the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Afro-Caribbeans over 40 was among the highest in the world at 7%, with the majority (53%) of cases undetected. Glaucoma affects 1 in 11 Afro-Caribbeans over 50, and almost 1 in 6 of people over 70 years old.
Diabetes has become increasingly common in the Caribbean due to lifestyle changes. As its prevalence increases, so do the complications affecting the eyes, including cataract, diabetic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma. Nearly one-third of the Caribbean's diabetic population is affected with eye disease, mainly diabetic retinopathy, according to the 2017 International Diabetes Foundation Diabetes Atlas. Despite the high prevalence figures, eye screening is not routinely performed and patients often present with advanced stages of these diseases.